QUOTE(FourEyes334 @ Jan 4 2005, 3:56 PM)
ok... im for creation.
There is much scientific evidence against the whole idea of molecules-to-man evolution...
1. Information and complexity: Modern knowledge of biochemistry shows that even so-called 'simple' bacteria are phenomenally complex - far more complex than the most sophisticated machine mankind has ever made - and they can reproduce themselves, some in less than 20 minutes. Such bacterian 'machines' contain the equivalent of about 2 large books of coded information on their DNA. Books don't write themselves and neither could the bacteria make themselves! If a book needs an intelligent creator, the bacterium needs a creator even more so. The source of this information is an insurmountable problem for the origin of life without a creator - and the development of more complex life forms. A human being has about 1,000 books worth of information on the DNA in each cell. How do you add 998 books of information to a bacterium to get the information in a human being, as evolutionists claim happened over hundreds of millions of years?
2. Limits to variation: The breeding of animals and plants shows that there are strict limits to how far selection can go - whether it be artificial or natural. Breeding of pigs will never make them fly. Nor can natural selection grow feathers on a reptile. Things were created to reproduce true-to-their-kinds, just like the Bible says in Genesis chapter 1. The limited amount of natural variation drives modern molecular biologists to try to take genes from one kind of organism and get them to work in another kind. It's all about transferring information, and much intelligence is applied to do this (with many failures). Natural (non-intelligent) processes cannot, and therefore have never, created anything containing meaningful information.
3. Mutations?: Mutations - random changes in the genetic information - are supposed to generate new information so that new features such as legs, feathers, brains, eyes, and so on, could 'evolve'. However, random changes in information do not create new meaningful 'paragraphs' or 'chapters' of information. They only currupt it. Mutations destroy; they do not create. They are knowwn by the diseases they cause in humans, like cancers. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is not due to an increase in meaningful information due to mutations. In all mutations studied, there has been a loss of function causing the resistance - for example, losso f control over the production of the emzyne that breaks down penicillin so that more of the emzyne is produced. Sometimes information has been acquired from another type of bacterium, which then enables the recipient to resist the antibiotic. Mutations will neverproduce the new complex information needed for evolution to proceed. Furthermore, research has revealed many examples of features in living things that are made up of highly complex parts where every part has to be present for it to function at all. They cannot be simpler and still funtion. It is not possible for small step-wise mutations and natural selection to create such systems because a series of functional intermediates is impossible. Examples are the bacterial flagellum, the blood clotting system, the ATPase 'motor', the signallling system in cells, the DNA-coded protein synthesis system, etc.
4. Fossils: The fossils do not show that one kind of organism has changed into another. There should be millions of intermediate types of fossils showing the transitions, if evolution had occured. There are a handful of disputed ones. Claimed evidence of fossils linking different kinds of organisms does not stand scrutiny. Furthermore, there are many hundreds of types of creatures in the fossil record which are still present today. Jellyfish, starfish, and snails, for example, are present in rocks supposedly hundreds of millions of years old and yet they are very like the ones we have in the oceans today. Things breed 'true to their kind' just like the Bible says.
5. The age of the Earth: The story about the age of the earth has grown in the telling. However, fossils commonly show evidence of rapid burial in watercarried mud - as in a great Flood. Consequently, the rock layers containing these fossils were not laid down slowly and gradually - so fossils do not give support to the millions of years so widely taught today. The Bible tells of a great global Flood, and people groups around the world have their own stories of such a Flood. A global Flood would have created vast amounts of watercarried sand, silt and clay, burying plants and animals and creating layers of rocks containing fossils - and all very quickly. Furthermore, there are many different evidences against a vast age for the Universe. For example, the rate of erosion of the earth's continents, the decay of the earth's magnetic field, the lack of helium in the atmosphere, the number of people on earth, the brevity of recordere hustory, the prersistance of spiral galaxies, the low number of type-II supernovas and lack of type-III supernovas in our galaxy, the existence of short-period comets, and much more. Well, then, someone may wonder, why do so many apparently well-educated people believe in evolution? People may believe in evolution and dismiss creation because:
1. They are ignorant of the facts, only ever having heard the case for evolution. There are many like this.
2. They deliberately choose to deny the rightful place of God in their lives. God has told us that none of us has any excuse, bevause evidence is right under our noses, so to speak (Romans 1)
The idea of human beings and chimps have close to 100% similarity in their DNA is often asserted. The figures quoted vary: 97%, 98%, or even 99% similarity, depending on who is spinning the story. What is the basis for these claims and do the data mean that there really is not much difference between chimps and people? Are we just (slightly) evolved apes?
First, similarity is not evidence for common ancestry (evolution), but rather for a common designer (creation). Think about a Porsche and the genuine Volkswagen 'Beetle' car. They both have air-cooled, flat, horizontally-opposed, 4-cylinder engines in the rear, independent rear suspension, two doors, trunk in the front, and many other simliarities. Why do these two very differnt cars have so many similarities? Because they had the same designer! Whether simliarity is morphological or biochemical, it is not argument for evolution, over creation.
If humans were entirely different to all other living things, then how could we live? We have to eat other organisms to gain nutrients and energy to live. How could we digest them and how could we use the amino acids, sugars, etc., if they were different to the ones we have in our bodies? Biochemical similarity is neccessary for us to have food.
DNA in cells contains much of the information necessary for the development of an organism. So, if two organisms look similar, we expect there to be similarities also in their DNA. The DNA of a cow and a whale, two mammals, should be mroe alike than the DNA of a cow and a worm. IF it were not so, then the ideao f DNA being the information carrier in living things would have to be questioned.
Humans and apes are quite similar in appearence, so we would expect there would be similarities in their DNA. Of all the animals, chimps are most like humans, so we would expect that their DNA would be most like human DNA.
Certain biochemical capacities are common to all living things, so there is even a degree of similarity between the DNA of yeast, for example, and that of human beings, Because human cells can do many of the things that yeast can do, we share simliarities in the DNA sequences that code for the enzymes and protiens that do the same jobs in both types of cells. Some of the sequences, for example those that code for the proteins involved in chromosome structure, are almost identical.
What of the 97% similarity claimed between human and chimps? The figures published do not mean quite what popular publications, and even some science journals, claim. DNA carries its information in the sequence of four chemical compounds known as nucleotides, abbreviated C, G, A, T. Groups of three at a time of these chemical 'letters' are 'read' by complex translation machinery in the cell to determine the sequence of amino acids, of which there are 20 different types, to be incorporated into proteins. The human DNA has 3 billion nucleotides. The human and chimp DNA sequences have not both been fully sequenced so that a proper comparison can be made. Indeed it may be a while before such a comparison can be made because while we may have the full sequence of human DNA, chimp DNA has a much lower priority.
Where did the 97% similarity come from then? It was inferred from a fairly crude technique called DNA hybridization. However, there are various reasons DNA does or does not hybridize, only one of which is the degree of similarity. Consequently, those working in the field of molecular homology do not use this somewhat arbitary figure; other figures derived from the shape of the 'melting curve' are used instead.
The original papers did not contain the basic data and the reader had to accept the interperetation of the data 'on faith'. Even if everything else were above criticism, the 97% figure came frmo making a basic statistical error - averaging two figures without taking into account differences in the number of observations contributing to each figure. When a peoper (weighted) mean is calculated it is 96%, not 97%. However, the work lacked true replication, so no real meaning can be attached to the figures.
WWhat if human and chimp DNA were 97% homologous? What could that mean? Would it mean that humans could have 'evolved' from a common ancestor with chimps? Not at all! As the amount of information in the 3 billion base pairs in the DNA in every human cell has been estimated to be equivalent to that in 1,000 books of 500 pages each, if humans were 'only' 3% different this still amounts to 90 million base pairs, equivalent to about 30 large books of information. This is an impossible barrier for mutations (random changes) to cross, even given the several million years widely claimed as the time aviliable for this to happen.
Does a high degree of similarity mean that two DNA sequences have the same meaning or function? No, not necessarily. Compare the following sentences:
There are many scientists today who question the evolutionary paradigm and its atheistic philosophical implication.
There are
not many scientists today who question the evolutionary paradigm and its atheistic philosophical implicatons.
These sentences have 97% homology and yet have almost opposite meanings! There is a strong analogy here to the way in which large DNA sequences can be turned on or off by relatively small control sequences.
Even if we acept the data as legimate, there is no way that mutations could bridge the gap between chimps and humans. Chimps are just ammals. We are made in the image of God (no chimps will be reading this, or discussing it with one another)
This is from a book...
Biblio here:
Batten, Don, Ken Ham, Jonathan Sarfati, and Carl Wieland. Answers to the 4 Big Questions. 1st ed. Australia: Answers in Genesis Ministries, 2000.
So here ends my two cents. Most of you won't read through the whole thing, but I hope this convinces you of the truth of God.
long post comming... mind you i read all of yours, read all of mine. very good arguments for creation; however other evidence is lacking from your points.
(note= my relpy is going to be very long. conseqently, i'm going to be editing the original post, instead of sending the post all at once, to avoid loosing the post.
1.1.Information and complexity: Modern knowledge of biochemistry shows that even so-called 'simple' bacteria are phenomenally complex - far more complex than the most sophisticated machine mankind has ever made - and they can reproduce themselves, some in less than 20 minutes. Such bacterian 'machines' contain the equivalent of about 2 large books of coded information on their DNA. Books don't write themselves and neither could the bacteria make themselves! If a book needs an intelligent creator, the bacterium needs a creator even more so. The source of this information is an insurmountable problem for the origin of life without a creator - and the development of more complex life forms. A human being has about 1,000 books worth of information on the DNA in each cell. How do you add 998 books of information to a bacterium to get the information in a human being, as evolutionists claim happened over hundreds of millions of years?
since this 'segment' is still large, i'm going to break it down more, into alpha parts.
A. information and complexity: Modern knowledge of biochemistry shows that even so-called 'simple' bacteria are phenomenally complex - far more complex than the most sophisticated machine mankind has ever made
you are right. but you do leave out a part... the
smallest replicating unit is not a bacterium. there is something much smaller. no, not a virus, even smaller.
i'm talking about RNA. it's a relativily simple molecule, less than 50 atoms in it. RNA is self replicating. it makes more of itself.
RNA, in turn, is a base unit for making DNA, and RNA bacteria. therefore, although bacteria are complex, the various parts of it are NOT, and HAVE been produced in laboratories (miller/ urey experiment). more importantly, the self replicating part of a bacterium is not complex.
B. - and they can reproduce themselves, some in less than 20 minutes. Such bacterian 'machines' contain the equivalent of about 2 large books of coded information on their DNA.
yes; they can reproduce themselves. yet you leave of the part that actually is reprocuced (the RNA) is actually not that complex... in all it is probably less complex than this post is going to be long... (which still isn't saying much, but still.) the RNA is the only thing that need reproduce, and it is
self replicating C. Books don't write themselves and neither could the bacteria make themselves! If a book needs an intelligent creator, the bacterium needs a creator even more so. The source of this information is an insurmountable problem for the origin of life without a creator
contarley; book don't
usually write themselves. however, lets pretend that you have a bag of scrabble tiles; 26 letters. if you make the word "replicate" by drawing each letter in order, you have a self replicating strand. However, The probability you create the word "replicate" randomly is 1/5429503679000 . However, once you do create the word 'Replicate', the porbablility that the word 'replicate' is on the scrabble board in subsequent times is pretty high; i'd say 1/2. it also increases the more 'replicates' are on the board, and there are constantly more.
The source of this information is not a problem. The ones that sustain life, once created, don't go away. the ones that don't sustain life, fade away. thus, life becomes prominet.
[color- red]D.[/color] and the development of more complex life forms. A human being has about 1,000 books worth of information on the DNA in each cell. How do you add 998 books of information to a bacterium to get the information in a human being, as evolutionists claim happened over hundreds of millions of years?
the devolpment of more complex life forms is also explained quite well. millions of years, my friend, is a long time. LONG. and once the first self replicating strand is created, more are created. If mutated so that they are more complex, and help the chances of replication; this is become prevalent.
do you realize that there is a nice strand in your DNA called an Alu? It's about 26 'words' long. do you realize in every single cell, you have more than a mol's worth of alus? that the number of Alus in the world is very, very, very ,very large? Alus probably make up 10% of your genome. This Alu strand can insert itself in random strands, and cause itself to be replicated more. it can also turn on different parts of the genome, causing more drastic mutations.
whoot! done with paragraph one...
ok next.
2. 2. Limits to variation: The breeding of animals and plants shows that there are strict limits to how far selection can go - whether it be artificial or natural. Breeding of pigs will never make them fly. Nor can natural selection grow feathers on a reptile. Things were created to reproduce true-to-their-kinds, just like the Bible says in Genesis chapter 1. The limited amount of natural variation drives modern molecular biologists to try to take genes from one kind of organism and get them to work in another kind. It's all about transferring information, and much intelligence is applied to do this (with many failures). Natural (non-intelligent) processes cannot, and therefore have never, created anything containing meaningful information.
again subdivided like before.
A. Limits to variation: The breeding of animals and plants shows that there are strict limits to how far selection can go - whether it be artificial or natural. Breeding of pigs will never make them fly. Nor can natural selection grow feathers on a reptile.
selective breeding has already made new species. in mere HUNDREDS of years. we're talking MILLIONS of years.
if, given millions of years, i can breed pigs so that they fly.
you're statement here is, unforchantly, purely wrong.
B. Things were created to reproduce true-to-their-kinds, just like the Bible says in Genesis chapter 1.
genisis chapter one. i'm familiar with it. are you familiar that it says that what you look like now is what adam look like, basically? are you aware that you are probably a foot taller than Adam 'was' ?
are you aware that you don't even look like someone from the 1st century? you're too tall. doesn't matter if you're 'short'. you're still too tall.
therefore, genesis chapter one is moot. humans could not have been created as they are now.
C. The limited amount of natural variation drives modern molecular biologists to try to take genes from one kind of organism and get them to work in another kind. It's all about transferring information, and much intelligence is applied to do this (with many failures). Natural (non-intelligent) processes cannot, and therefore have never, created anything containing meaningful information.
this is because we want the changes in mere years. as said before, given a million years i can make pigs fly. of course, they won't look like pigs...
much intelegence isn't required... most gene splicing is trial and error. take this bit, see if it works here. copy and paste.
3. 3. Mutations?: Mutations - random changes in the genetic information - are supposed to generate new information so that new features such as legs, feathers, brains, eyes, and so on, could 'evolve'. However, random changes in information do not create new meaningful 'paragraphs' or 'chapters' of information. They only currupt it. Mutations destroy; they do not create. They are knowwn by the diseases they cause in humans, like cancers. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is not due to an increase in meaningful information due to mutations. In all mutations studied, there has been a loss of function causing the resistance - for example, losso f control over the production of the emzyne that breaks down penicillin so that more of the emzyne is produced. Sometimes information has been acquired from another type of bacterium, which then enables the recipient to resist the antibiotic. Mutations will neverproduce the new complex information needed for evolution to proceed. Furthermore, research has revealed many examples of features in living things that are made up of highly complex parts where every part has to be present for it to function at all. They cannot be simpler and still funtion. It is not possible for small step-wise mutations and natural selection to create such systems because a series of functional intermediates is impossible. Examples are the bacterial flagellum, the blood clotting system, the ATPase 'motor', the signallling system in cells, the DNA-coded protein synthesis system, etc.
this time not subdivided. i can explain this very simply.
MUTATIONS ARE NOT BAD. half the time they don't even do anything. Code is mostly NOT used... over HALF of the genetice code you have is not used.
also, a mutation can, subsequently, turn on millions of letters that were lying dormant; therefore, it is not possible to say muttions are small things.
4. 4. Fossils: The fossils do not show that one kind of organism has changed into another. There should be millions of intermediate types of fossils showing the transitions, if evolution had occured. There are a handful of disputed ones. Claimed evidence of fossils linking different kinds of organisms does not stand scrutiny. Furthermore, there are many hundreds of types of creatures in the fossil record which are still present today. Jellyfish, starfish, and snails, for example, are present in rocks supposedly hundreds of millions of years old and yet they are very like the ones we have in the oceans today. Things breed 'true to their kind' just like the Bible says.
i've heard this one before. the whole' massive flood' thing making the rock layers.
i will tell you simply why this is impossbile.
1. if it did happen, oil would not exist.
2. if it did happen, diamonds would not exist.
3. not all rock is formed from silt. that's only ONE kind, mind you. and it's not evey in bedrock primarily. Volcanos are needed to create these rocks; not mere floods.
4. the flood itself is not possible. a global flood is impossible. there is not enough world in all the oceans, glaciers, icecaps, air, aquefers and animals to flood the earth.
5. 5. The age of the Earth: The story about the age of the earth has grown in the telling. However, fossils commonly show evidence of rapid burial in watercarried mud - as in a great Flood. Consequently, the rock layers containing these fossils were not laid down slowly and gradually - so fossils do not give support to the millions of years so widely taught today. The Bible tells of a great global Flood, and people groups around the world have their own stories of such a Flood. A global Flood would have created vast amounts of watercarried sand, silt and clay, burying plants and animals and creating layers of rocks containing fossils - and all very quickly. Furthermore, there are many different evidences against a vast age for the Universe. For example, the rate of erosion of the earth's continents, the decay of the earth's magnetic field, the lack of helium in the atmosphere, the number of people on earth, the brevity of recordere hustory, the prersistance of spiral galaxies, the low number of type-II supernovas and lack of type-III supernovas in our galaxy, the existence of short-period comets, and much more. Well, then, someone may wonder, why do so many apparently well-educated people believe in evolution? People may believe in evolution and dismiss creation because:
1. They are ignorant of the facts, only ever having heard the case for evolution. There are many like this.
2. They deliberately choose to deny the rightful place of God in their lives. God has told us that none of us has any excuse, bevause evidence is right under our noses, so to speak (Romans 1)
yada yada about the flood. i've already told you that can't be. (sorry, not trying to be disrespectful- i have homework that needs doing, and i need to be finishing this post soon.)
1- the erosion of the earth's continents is mostly caused by humans now; that's why it's high.
2- the earth's magnetic field switches. it's recorded in magma on the sea floor. what the heck are you talking about?
They are ignorant of the facts, only ever having heard the case for evolution. There are many like this.
i know the creation side. sure, i have never heard a priest explain it, but this is because the priest is unwilling to come out of his church to explain it.
They deliberately choose to deny the rightful place of God in their lives. God has told us that none of us has any excuse, bevause evidence is right under our noses, so to speak (Romans 1)
evolution doesn't preclude god. unless you're some sort of f*cked up person who takes the bible literally, in which case means all blacks are inferior (sorry- it's in the bible), women are property;(again, sorry. it's in the bible.) and the earth is flat.
6. The idea of human beings and chimps have close to 100% similarity in their DNA is often asserted. The figures quoted vary: 97%, 98%, or even 99% similarity, depending on who is spinning the story. What is the basis for these claims and do the data mean that there really is not much difference between chimps and people? Are we just (slightly) evolved apes?
First, similarity is not evidence for common ancestry (evolution), but rather for a common designer (creation). Think about a Porsche and the genuine Volkswagen 'Beetle' car. They both have air-cooled, flat, horizontally-opposed, 4-cylinder engines in the rear, independent rear suspension, two doors, trunk in the front, and many other simliarities. Why do these two very differnt cars have so many similarities? Because they had the same designer! Whether simliarity is morphological or biochemical, it is not argument for evolution, over creation.
If humans were entirely different to all other living things, then how could we live? We have to eat other organisms to gain nutrients and energy to live. How could we digest them and how could we use the amino acids, sugars, etc., if they were different to the ones we have in our bodies? Biochemical similarity is neccessary for us to have food.
DNA in cells contains much of the information necessary for the development of an organism. So, if two organisms look similar, we expect there to be similarities also in their DNA. The DNA of a cow and a whale, two mammals, should be mroe alike than the DNA of a cow and a worm. IF it were not so, then the ideao f DNA being the information carrier in living things would have to be questioned.
Humans and apes are quite similar in appearence, so we would expect there would be similarities in their DNA. Of all the animals, chimps are most like humans, so we would expect that their DNA would be most like human DNA.
you know what? my toyota tercel station wagon looks quite like a Golf. they aren't made by the same people. but they are the same.
ALL CARS HAVE TWO FRONT WHEELS THAT TURN. THEY ALL HAVE STEERING WHEELS. they must be designed by the SAME person...
(sorry, i'm getting a little pissed because you seem to know why i belive in evolution. )
First, similarity is not evidence for common ancestry (evolution), but rather for a common designer (creation).
wow. i mean, you look JUST like your brother/sister. you look nothing like guy A. Guy A must be designed by the devil.
DNA, DNA. i'm assuming you have had a high school biology course. which is of course not in depth enough. read GENOME, by matt ridely to learn a bit more about the human genome.
Even if we acept the data as legimate, there is no way that mutations could bridge the gap between chimps and humans. Chimps are just ammals. We are made in the image of God (no chimps will be reading this, or discussing it with one another)
actually; it is quite possible. read more about how mutation actually work. High school biology is NOT enough to understand Mutations.
[yes, i cut this post a little shorter. i need to do homework. i'll adress your other posts later. ]